Which vessel branches from the aorta to supply the liver?

The celiac trunk is the primary vessel that branches from the abdominal aorta and provides critical blood supply to several major abdominal organs, including the liver. It is a short artery that immediately bifurcates into three main branches: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. The common hepatic artery specifically supplies the liver, demonstrating the celiac trunk’s vital role in hepatic circulation.

In contrast, the superior mesenteric artery primarily supplies the majority of the small intestine and parts of the colon, while the inferior mesenteric artery is responsible for supplying the lower portion of the colon. The renal arteries branch off the aorta to provide blood to the kidneys. Therefore, while these vessels serve important functions in supplying blood to other abdominal organs, they do not directly supply the liver, making the celiac trunk the correct choice in this context.