What are the normal hemodynamic changes observed in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) after a meal?

The correct choice highlights the hemodynamic changes in the superior mesenteric artery after a meal, which is characterized by increased blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. After eating, the body redirects blood toward the intestines to aid in digestion and nutrient absorption. This process leads to a heightened metabolic demand and an increase in both peak systolic flow and end diastolic volume.

Increased peak systolic flow occurs because of the greater volume of blood being sent through the SMA to accommodate the digestive needs. Higher end diastolic volume indicates that there is an increase in the amount of blood remaining in the SMA at the end of diastole, as more blood is being supplied during the meal. These changes reflect the body's physiological adaptation to support digestion.

Other options do not accurately reflect the physiological responses observed in the SMA after a meal.